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馬偕醫院精神科 吳書儀醫師

疫情升溫,許多人開始焦慮、恐慌,除了害怕染疫外,也擔心工作停滯、經濟不穩定,原本安排好的活動都無法如期舉辦,種種疫情帶來的影響都可能使我們壓力過大,甚至罹患憂鬱、焦慮症。


心理壓力是一種持續擔心的感覺,可能是擔心工作、可能是擔心生活或家人朋友,這種感覺使人無法放鬆,過度和長期的壓力可能會導致嚴重的健康後果,例如心血管疾病[2]、腦血管疾病[3]、憂鬱症、焦慮症等[4],因此是不容忽視的重要健康議題。由Jon Kabat-Zinn所提出的以正念為基礎的減壓練習(mindfulness-based stress reductions)結合正念冥想、身體意識、及瑜珈可以有效協助減輕壓力知覺及相關慢性身心疾病[5]。

許多人在面對壓力已經超出負荷時,也不願尋求對於壓力的相關管理或專業心理師的幫助,可能原因包括時空距離上的阻礙、擔心隱私問題、對於身心疾病的負面標籤或時間成本等相關障礙,且目前疫情嚴峻,許多人因此退卻去醫院及診所就診,此時遠距照護因此而生。

 

運用手機可做正念練習

以手機應用程式(APP)或網路方式指導一般大眾學習正念練習,包括結合手機鬧鐘或日記手冊,可以將正念訓練融入一般大眾繁忙的生活方式中[6],協助克服上述的心理或時空距離阻礙。許多研究也證實正念練習確實能顯著減輕壓力知覺[7],例如對於承受超載壓力及同理心疲乏的醫護人員。此外,如果有諮商師參與手機或網路正念的指導,會比沒有相關指導下的效果明顯提高,也可使用手機應用程式的一些相關自動化功能,也可以降低諮商師尋求指導的相關參與成本。

 

手機及網路的正念治療對一般大眾的壓力改善皆具有相當程度的效果,在這疫情爆發期間,除了做好防疫措施外,也可利用正念練習來幫助減壓,幫助大家緩解內心的不安,讓我們一起正向面對。

 

 

參考文獻:

1.Chiesa, A., et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: a review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med .2009.

2.Li, J., et al. Work stress and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Occup Med Environ Health .2015

3.Booth, J., et al. Evidence of perceived psychosocial stress as a risk factor for stroke in adults: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurol .2015.

4.Beiter, R., et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. J Affect Disord. 2015..

5.Kabat-Zinn, J. An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1982.

6.Laurie, J., et al. Making time for mindfulness. Int J Med Inform. 2016.

7.Zhang, Y., et al.  A meta-analysis: Internet mindfulness-based interventions for stress management in the general population. Medicine. 2020.

8.Rainie. L., Z., K. Americans’ views on mobile etiquette. . Pew Res Center. 2015.

9.Raab, K. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and empathy among health care professionals: a review of the literature. J Health Care Chaplain 2014.

10.Garland, E.L ., et al. Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: an upward spiral process. Mindfulness. 2011.

11.Zhang, Y., et al. A meta-analysis: Internet mindfulness-based interventions for stress management in the general population. Medicine. 2020,

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